Gaea - Mother Earth
Definition:
In Greek mythology, Gaea [Γαία or Γή] and her daughters Rhea [Ρέα], Themis [Θέμις] and Dione [Διώνη] were the earliest earth and mother goddesses. They goddesses played decisive roles in Hesiod's Theogony, where they make or remove rulers.
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Gaea was seen as the earth itself. Τhere was no difference between the two. In Roman Mythology she was known as Tellus or Terra. Gaea was not only the ultimate mother goddess. She was a creator goddess.
Gaea was born with Eros 'Έρως' (Love) and Tartarus 'Τάρταρος' from Chaos 'Χάος' the "primeval abyss". They were the first physical matters to come into existence.
Through her womb, sprang many gigantic and powerful children. Either without a male partner or by Aether, Gaea became the mother of Ouranus 'Ουρανος' (Heaven), Pontus 'Πόντος' (Sea) and Ourea 'Ούρεα, 'Όροι' (Mountains).
Through Ouranus marriage to his own mother, he became the supreme ruler of the universe. Gaea and her husband/son represent the separation of heaven and earth.
Gaea bore most of children to Ouranus. There were Hekatoncheires 'Εκατόγχειρες' (Hundred-Handed), the Cyclops 'Κύκλωπες', the Titans 'Τιτάνες' and the Gigantes 'Γίγαντες' (Giants). By her brother Tartarοs 'Τάρταρος' the underworld darkness, she bore the most powerful of her monstrous offspring, the Typhon 'Τύφων'.
Ouranus fell because he angered his mother, when he confined and hid their children, the Hekatoncheires and the Cyclops under the depth of the Earth (Gaea). This caused her great pain. Gaea sought help from her son, Cronos 'Κρόνος', the youngest and bravest of the Titans. It was she who gave her son the sickle to emasculate her son/husband.
Cronοs gained power and rulership over the universe, but he also enraged his mother, when he refused to release his confined brethren. Gaea was gifted with divination, and she was said to be the first hold the oracle of Delphi. So she foretold to her son Cronοs that he will fall because of his son. Fearing that he would lose his power to his children, Cronοs swallowed each child that his wife/sister Rhea bore to him. Gaea and Rhea helped Cronοs' youngest son, Zeus 'Ζευς', to overthrow Cronοs and most of the other Titans.
Although, Zeus released the Hundred-Handed and the Cyclops, most of the male Titans were imprisoned in Tartarοs. So Gaea turned against her grandson, encouraging her other children, the Gigants and the Typhon to fight against the Olympians. Yet, it was Gaea who foretold how the Gigantes could be defeat with the help of the mortal hero, Herakles.
One of Gaea's interesting roles is her divination. She was said to have being the first to hold the oracle at Delphi. She passed this responsibility to another daughter of hers, Themis. Themis was also said to be earth goddess as well as the goddess of order and justice.
Gaea was a primeval goddess of the earth, who could unleash power upon anyone foolish enough to anger her. She had the power to make or break a ruler. She was partly responsible for deposing her two sons (Uranus and Cronus), and almost succeeded against Zeus, her grandson.
Gaea also bore some children to her other son, Pontus, the personification of the sea. Gaea was the mother of Nereus 'Νηρεύς', Phorcys 'Φόρκυς', Eurybia 'Ευρύβοια', Thaumas [Θαύμας] and the sea monster Κeto [Κητώ].
She also bore the giant Antaeοs [Ανταίος] to Poseidon [Ποσειδών]. Antaeοs usually challenged wrestled and killed travellers. Most of Antaeοs' power comes from his contact with the earth. Antaeοs was virtually invincible until Heracles killed him.
By Hephaestοs [Ήφαιστος], Gaea was the mother of Erichthoniοs [Εριχθόνιος] the King of Athens, when the semen of the smith god landed on the ground.
Best Regards
Georgios